Diploma Mechanical Low Cost Projects - Abstract Download

 

Diploma Mechanical Low Cost Projects 

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Design and Fabrication of a Pedal Operated Power Generator (Using By Cycle)

Abstract

Energy conservation is a topical issue and this design proffered an efficient method of doing so. The design was originally conceived to meet the energy needs of those living in rural areas, due to poor access to electricity and also as a model for gym centers and cycle workout studios. Most persons living in these rural areas possess at least a cell phone but lack the means to charge them. This study focused on the design and fabrication of a pedal operated power generator, for the intents of burning fats while yet generating electricity. The power generator was designed to be simple, cheap, durable and easily maintained. It was fabricated using locally sourced materials and is intended to encourage local ingenuity and empower aspiring entrepreneurs especially in developing countries. Its purpose is to efficiently transfer human foot motion less than 60 rpm via a treadle and sprocket-chain step-up to drive a 24V DC permanent magnet generator. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) which is needed to charge low voltage devices like mobile phones, laptops etc. Upon completion, it was found to produce a voltage of 15V and 2.5A at a speed of 483rpm generator speed. The overall efficiency of the system was about 66.6%

Mechanism of Operation

The Pedal Operated Power Generator (POPG) is a type of generators in which the source of mechanical power is provided by the human effort while spinning a shaft, with its corresponding angular speed  and torque . Usually, a sort of mechanical transmission system is needed to adapt these variables into the generator’s required ones . Then, this mechanical power is turned into electric power by the generator . The principle of using your pedal motion to create the same motion as a motor can be translated to almost any device, and the parts needed are all the same, and in the case of the pedal powered electrical device, the components include: A stationary bike or exercise bike, belt and pulley system, chain drive system, generator, blocking diode, fuse, battery and inverter system

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A SOLAR SPRAYER

Abstract:

 A sprayer is a mechanical device used to spray the liquid like herbicides, pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers to the crops in order to avoid any pest and control the unwanted plant species. Sprayer provides optimum utilization of pesticides or any liquid with minimum efforts. In Indian farms generally two types of spray pumps are used for spraying, they are hand operated spray pump and fuel operated spray pump, out of which hand operated spray pumps are most popular. To kill the pests and insects pesticides, fertilizers are sprayed either manually or by using sprayers. Earlier, the pesticides and fertilizers were sprinkled manually, but they will result in harmful effects on farmers. In order to overcome this problem, different spraying techniques have been developed. These sprayers consist of different mechanisms and the cost of equipment is generally high. A solar operated sprayer is easy to handle and maintenance free, hence is affordable to the farmers. Therefore a solar operated sprayer is designed and fabricated. This system can be operated using solar energy or electrical energy. The solar energy is converted into electrical energy and is stored in a storage battery. The main advantages of the present system are the running cost reduces to minimum and consume less time. Solar energy from the sun is harvested on the solar panel. The panel is made up of photovoltaic cells, which converts photon energy to electric energy. These cells are made up of silicon semiconductor. Solar panel isused to generate electric energy and charge the battery. The charged battery is used to operate a DC pump for spraying the pesticides.

Working principle

The system consists of Solar panel, charging unit, battery, pump and sprayer. The solar panel delivers an output in the order of 12 volts and 20 Watts power to the charging unit. The charging unit is used to strengthen the signal from the solar panel. The charging unit delivers the signal which charges the battery. According to the charged unit, the pump operates, such that the sprayer works. Here fertilizer can be stored in tank. When the sun rays are falling on the solar panel electricity will be generated through the solar cells and stored in the battery. By the electric power in the battery the pump operates and therefore fertilizers from the tank is sprayed out through the sprayers. The layout of solar sprayer is shown in fig.1. There is no maintenance cost and operating cost as it is using solar energy and no pollution problem. Its working principle is very easy and it is economical for the farmers, which has one more advantage that it can also generate power that power is saved in the battery and it can be used for both for spraying and well as to light in the houses when there is no current supply.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BATTERY OPERATED WEEDER MACHINE

Abstract - Weed is a plant that is considered undesirable in a particular situation, it is basically “a plant in the wrong place”. Weeds are needed to be controlled because it reduces crop quality by contaminating the commodity. Weeds reduce farm productivity, they invade crops, smother pastures and in some cases can be harmful for the livestock. They aggressively compete for water, nutrients and sunlight, resulting in reduced crop yield and poor crop quality. Weed control is one of the most difficult tasks on an agricultural farm. Mechanical weed control is easily adopted by farmers once they get convinced of its advantages. Motorized agriculture weeding machine not only uproots the weeds between the crops rows but also keeps the soil surface loose, ensuring better soil aeration and water intake capacity. Weeding by motorized Weeder reduces the cost of labor and also saves time. In human operated Weeder, muscle power is required and so it cannot be operated for long time. The traditional method of hand weeding is time consuming. In this Battery drive motorized weeder we use motorized system, which is powered by battery.

WORKING OF WEEDER MACHINE:

1. Initially start the motor with the help of on/off switch mounted on handle. We used the wiper motor.

 2. The blades are used for the forward movement of the machine.

3. Battery is used to transmit power from motor to intermediate shaft.

 4. The blades are mounted on the front side of the machine. When blades start rotating forwardmotion occurs.

 5. Hence weeding is done with less effort and less cost

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